Tesi etd-10162023-155043
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Tipo di tesi
Corso Ordinario Secondo Livello
Autore
TOTARO, TOMMASO
URN
etd-10162023-155043
Titolo
Intervention by Invitation in Civil Wars: Revisiting the Negative Equality Principle
Struttura
Cl. Sc. Sociali - Scienze Politiche
Corso di studi
SCIENZE POLITICHE - SCIENZE POLITICHE
Commissione
Tutor Prof. PIRNI, ALBERTO EUGENIO ERMENEGILDO
Relatore Prof.ssa CAPONE, FRANCESCA
Presidente Prof. STRAZZARI, FRANCESCO
Membro Prof. NATALI, DAVID
Membro Prof. BRESSANELLI, EDOARDO
Membro Prof. SOMMARIO, EMANUELE GIUSEPPE
Membro Prof.ssa ALABRESE, MARIAGRAZIA
Relatore Prof.ssa CRISTIANI, ELOISA
Membro Prof. RAINERI, LUCA
Relatore Prof.ssa CAPONE, FRANCESCA
Presidente Prof. STRAZZARI, FRANCESCO
Membro Prof. NATALI, DAVID
Membro Prof. BRESSANELLI, EDOARDO
Membro Prof. SOMMARIO, EMANUELE GIUSEPPE
Membro Prof.ssa ALABRESE, MARIAGRAZIA
Relatore Prof.ssa CRISTIANI, ELOISA
Membro Prof. RAINERI, LUCA
Parole chiave
- civil wars
- Intervention by invitation
- use of force
Data inizio appello
28/11/2023;
Disponibilità
parziale
Riassunto analitico
The ius ad bellum is still regarded as the “vaguest branch of international law”. While the prohibition of the threat and the use of force remains the capstone of the collective security system, some secondary norms are often challenged by current State practice. One of them is the so-called negative equality principle, which prohibits third-state intervention upon invitation on behalf of one of the parties involved in a civil war. In theory, the principle aims at protecting every State's sovereignty and its right to self-determination, which are particularly at stake during a non-international armed conflict. However, this principle has faced scrutiny in light of recent global events, such as the Saudi-led operation in Yemen and the international military effort against the Islamic State, or as well in the case of theoretical legal frameworks, such as the one of the African Union on collective security. Hence, this thesis aims to untangle the constitutive elements of the negative equality principle and to evaluate its validity in current international law.
The first chapter critically examines the collective security system, exploring its original intent and subsequent exceptions to the prohibition of the use of force. Chapter II delves into the underpinnings of intervention by invitation and the negative equality principle, assessing the key elements, such as invitation and consent, and studying the interplay between non-intervention, self-determination, and civil wars. Chapter III examines the validity of the negative equality principle, considering recent cases – i.e., the military interventions in Yemen and against the Islamic State – and taking into consideration the legal framework for intervening within the African Union. The thesis concludes by questioning the recognition of the negative equality principle, emphasizing the lack of relevant practice and the evolving opinio iuris of the international community.
The first chapter critically examines the collective security system, exploring its original intent and subsequent exceptions to the prohibition of the use of force. Chapter II delves into the underpinnings of intervention by invitation and the negative equality principle, assessing the key elements, such as invitation and consent, and studying the interplay between non-intervention, self-determination, and civil wars. Chapter III examines the validity of the negative equality principle, considering recent cases – i.e., the military interventions in Yemen and against the Islamic State – and taking into consideration the legal framework for intervening within the African Union. The thesis concludes by questioning the recognition of the negative equality principle, emphasizing the lack of relevant practice and the evolving opinio iuris of the international community.
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